Pulsed electromagnetic fields dosing impacts postoperative pain in breast reduction patients
2015 Background Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) reduce postoperative pain and narcotic requirements in breast augmentation, reduction, and reconstruction patients. PEMF enhances both calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling and phosphodiesterase activity, which blocks cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The clinical effect of these competing responses on PEMF dosing is not known. Methods Two prospective, nonrandomized, active cohorts of breast reduction patients, with 15 min PEMF per 2 h; …